Parental Feedback into Children’s Acquisition Essay

One of the most remarkable characteristics of human beings lay in the fact that, virtually, every single one acquires language at a very young age (Crain & Martin, 1999, p. 4). This is because what lies at the heart of what it means to be a human person is an innate predisposition towards the acquisition of â€Å"the most intricate forms of knowledge we will ever acquire†¦early on in life† (Sigelaman & Rides, 2008, p. 277). In view of such contention, it merits to make mention that, according to Crain and Martin, there are two telling truths that define language acquisition: that on the one side of the spectrum, language is universal (within the human species) and that, on the other side of the spectrum, there is a considerable latitude in the kind of environmental inputs that permit children to develop language (1999, p. 7). Put simply, a person’s acquisition of language is characteristically both universal – i. e. , that all persons, in all places, at all times and defined by whatever circumstances has to, one way or another, learn a language or two – and conditioned – i. e. , that language acquisition is influenced by the particularities of one’s own facticity. Particularly, this paper seeks to underscore the telling importance of parental feedback in the development of linguistic skills of human persons; specifically of children. Herein, it merits noting that parental presence and interaction during the crucial stage of language acquisition are components that present cases of no little importance to the growth and development of a child. Furthermore, this study takes keen interest into how the different theories of language acquisition do frame the importance of parental feedback and interaction to a child’s journey towards assimilating language. This early, it is insightful to already affirm that whilst there is a universal recognition of the supreme importance of parental presence during a child’s language acquisition months, how different theories understand the degrees and extent of such fundamental importance nevertheless varies. Scope and Methodology The foregoing central thesis having presented, it may help to further underscore that this study does not and will not attempt to present an exhaustive treatment of the subject matter. In fact, this study focuses merely on presenting three language acquisition theories, whose respective programmes, arguably, already constitute substantial themes so as to lend points for worthwhile discussions. The three theories which are to be delved into include: the Behaviourist, the Innatist and the Interactionist paradigms. Be that as it may, this study weaves together the expository and argumentative approaches in presenting the discussions; being that this study does not merely aim at presenting different learning acquisition theories, but also gleaning how such theories take parental feedback as a constitutive component of language acquisition process. The Process of Language Acquisition Essa notes that language does not begin when babies speak their first words around the end of their first year (2003, p. 329). Instead, it is a process which, whilst contiguous, is nonetheless wholly distinguishable in stages. Wasserman is of the firm belief that there are at least two different stages involved in language acquisition: i. e. , pre-language that begins before birth and lasts until the age 10 or 12 months, and the linguistic stage from the ages of 12 to 36 months (2007, p. 416). To both stages, it must be argued, a requisite range of mental progression is conveniently assumed. This is because it is reasonable to assume that children’s grasp of their surroundings come way ahead of their ability to express them. If truth be said, children are said to undergo their respective language acquisition stages in a manner being contemporaneous of the progression of their cognitive, affective and personality aspects. Santrock contends that language acquisition is a particular stage which brings into play the process of acquiring not only the contours of language, but also the rules that are inherent to language acquisition itself. The learned author states: As children go through the early childhood years, their grasp of the rule systems that govern language increase. These rule systems include phonology (the sound system), morphology (the rules for combining minimal units of meaning), syntax (rules of making sentences), semantics (the meaning system), and pragmatics (the rules for use in social meanings). (Santrock, 2004, p. 254). On account of such programme, it thus makes sense to claim that language acquisition â€Å"can be assessed in multiple ways†, insofar as â€Å"it is a multifaceted system that used for social communication and for individual mental representation† (Milligan, et. al. , 2007, p. 623). Put in other words, since the process of language acquisition is distinguishable (albeit not separable) into construable parts, then it is certainly something that can be assessed according and relative to its constitutive stages. Additionally, language is measured by way of observations of naturalistic conversation, learning from standardized inventories, as well as evaluating the performance on language-ability tasks (Milligan, et. al. , 2007, p. 623). The Roles of Parental Feedback as Gleaned from Three Language Acquisition Theories To be sure, one can find an array of truly insightful theories that seek to shed light into the process of language acquisition specifically pertinent to children. Consistent with the reasoned limitation set initially in this paper, three theories – the Behaviourist, the Innatist and Interactionist – shall be discussed for the sole purpose of this study. First, the Behaviourist paradigm considers the environment as primary molder of the circumstances of human persons. In the same manner, those subscribing to this theory believe that the external environment, more than anything else, is chiefly influential in directing the behavior of children. Skinner, as the foremost proponent of learning theory, suggested that language is a special case of behavior being that it is largely determined by training based on trial and error, and not by maturation (Minami, 2002, p. 14). Fundamentally, this theory proposes that whilst children would pass through different but contiguous stages, the environment and specific experiences of the children are what primordially affect their development and growth (Wasserman, 2007, p. 416). Indeed, language learning is embedded from the outside, nay from social contingencies, where everything from phonology to syntax, comprehension and production, are all part of complex dynamics among caregivers, the wider social environment, and the language-learning of a child (Dale, 2004, p. 337). Under the lenses of a Behaviourist paradigm, the role of parents could nowhere be under-appreciated. As a matter of fact, they ought to be considered as chief personalities that belong atop the list of those whose influence to children’s language acquisition development is of paramount importance. Sigelman and Rides, for their part, has this to say: Behaviourist B. F. Skinner (1957) and others have emphasized the role of reinforcement. As children achieve better approximations of adult language, parents and other adults praise meaningful speech and correct errors. Children and also reinforced by getting that they want when they speak correctly. (Sigelman and Rides, 2008, p. 282). Parental feedback, therefore, acts as the primary reinforcement of an infant’s language development. And this is precisely because children are acutely responsive to the positive reinforcements – such as smiling, cuddling and conversation – done by their parents (Essa, 2003, p. 327). It must also be cited that children learn to speak by imitation and they reproduce the sounds (words) that they hear from around them. Additionally, parents are the ones who provide a language model, by talking to and around children (Crain &Martin, 1999, p. 4). Two facets of learning acquisition come into the fore in view of the Behaviourist perspective: the content of language and the motivation to learn. And as far as the Behaviourist theory is concerned, the importance of parental feedback falls more under the parameters of motivating children develop their linguistic skills. This runs quite consistent with the general theory of Behaviourism which takes all learning largely as a motivational issue latched, as it were, to the entire learning process. It helps to moreover appreciate the fact that the Behaviourist model gives too much emphasis on acquiring correct linguistic skills on account of healthy motivations provided for by parents, if not by the adults within the immediate surroundings of the children. Thus, where healthy motivation wants, learning acquisition suffers correlatively. At the very least, lack of parental feedback and provision of encouragement may frustrate a child’s natural inclination to adopt, appropriate, imitate and learn from the conversations he or she hears from parents and other older companions (Sigelman and Rides, 2008, p. 282). Surely, it is important for parents to ensure that children are significantly reinforced at a time when they are becoming â€Å"increasingly capable of producing the sounds of their language† – things that they acquire through confident adaptation and imitation (Santrock, 2004, p. 254). The aforesaid paradigm was challenged by Chomsky and Pinker. They, along with those who subscribe to the Innatist theory, argue that since patterns in language development are similar across different languages and cultures, the environment plays a minor role in the children’s of language. They moreover emphasized that human persons possess an intrinsic biological endowment that enables them to discover the framework of principles and elements common to attainable human languages (Minami, 2002, p. 14). As a consequence, the Innatist approach takes children as essentially wired to know without being taught, notwithstanding the role of communication in providing meaning, eliciting affirmation or negation, proffering critical questions and eliciting a force to command and direct (Essa, 2003, p. 327). At the very least, the Innatist approach insists that children are able to learn language on their own innate ability. Once more, Sigelman and Rides suggest: Chomsky proposed that humans have inborn mechanism for mastering language called the language acquisition device (LAD). The LAD was conceived as an area in the brain equipped to identify certain universal features of language†¦To learnt to speak, children need only to hear human speaks; (and) using LAD, they (can) quickly grasp the rules of whatever language they hear. (Sigelman and Rides, 2008, p. 283). In view of what Sigelman and Rides have to say, it is therefore not without good reasons to surmise that parents play a lesser role in the child’s language development. Parental feedback, as a consequence, is essential only insofar as children are able to use it as a welcome reference for their otherwise innate predisposition towards language acquisition. Parents thus need only to let their children be. This is because, according to Chomsky, language is a product of the young human brain, such that virtually, any exposure to conditions short of total isolation and vicious mistreatment will suffice to bring children forth a successful language acquisition all the same. In the ultimately analysis, there is really nothing much to do with a child to help him or her properly acquire the content and the corollary rules attendant to human language; for a child is essentially set up for language, and need not necessarily or extensively use the exigencies of his or her external environment to acquire it (Dale, 2004, p. 338).

19th Century Philippines Essay

The Philippines was governed by Spain through a viceroy from Mexico. The highest office was that of the Governor-General, the chief executive of the Spanish colonial government, appointed by the Spanish king. The town is managed by a gobernadorcillo. The barangay is the smallest political unit under a cabeza de barangay. The social hierarchy was in this order: at the top were the peninsulares or the Spaniards from Spain, next were the insulares, Spaniards born in the Philippines and also called Filipinos, the mestizos, born of Spanish and Chinese descent, at the bottom were the indios, the local inhabitants. A total of 300 insurections and rebellions by the Filipinos all over the achipelago were recorded in the more than 3000 years of Spanish colonialization. 19th century was defined by liberal thinking for the following reasons: 1)Mexico rebelled against Spain and this brought revolutionary thinking to Manila; 2) the opening of the Suez Canal made the trip to Manila from Europe faster thereby bringing liberal ideas to the Philippines; and 3) rise of the middle class ? Liberalism is a set of political beliefs which puts primary consideration on the freedom and rights of the individual which includes the freedom of speck, of expression and of the press. In 1869, Carlos Maria de la Torre became the first liberal governor-general of the Philippines. For two year, until 1871, he instituted liberal reforms that benefited the Filipino middle class. ?Padre Jose Burgos campaigned for the Filipinization of the parochial churches in the Philippines and asked for the expulsion of friars back to Spain. ?The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 was used to condemn Frs. Burgos, Zamora, and Gomez to death by garrote or musketry. ?The martyrdom of Gomburza was winessed by Paciano Rizal, Jose’s brother. Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere was dedicated to the martyred priests. Economic Conditions ?The economic policies of Gov. Gen. Jose Basco y Vargas opened the Philippines to the world market. ?These economic policies were the galleon trade and the monopolies of tobacco, wine and gambling. ?The galleon trade made Mexico Philippines’ trade partner. The route of the trade was from manila to Acapulco and back. ?From Acapulco, Mexico the Philippines got its silver and gold coins while the Philippines exported tobacco, wine, sugar and goods from China. The Philippines was the bridge of Asia to Europe and this trade allowed the emergence of the Filipino middle class composed mainly by insulares and mestizos. The encomienda system was transformed into Hacienda system wherein the vast tracks of land were devoted for the planting of single crops for export. (e. g. Ilocos for tobacco, Negros for sugar cane, etc. The first banks in the Philippines were managed by Spanish friars knows as Obras Pias. This banks lent money to the members of middle class which were used by them as capital for their export business. The first rural bank established was the Rodriguez Bank. The Mercado family was a typical middle class family of the 19th century who rented land from the Dominican friars. Social Conditions ?Schools and universities were opened and managed by Spanish friars. The most popular among them were the Ateneo de Municipal under the Jesuit fathers and Universidad de Santo Tomas under the Dominican friars. ?There were schools for boys and girls. For boys, schools teach history, languages, humanities, medicine, theology and law. While for girls, shools offer courses for dress making, home making, cooking and gardening.

Conformity Essay

A nonconformist is a person whose behavior or views do not conform to prevailing ideas or practices of the society. In the book Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury the main character Guy Montag was a nonconformist to his society, and in the movie Cool Hand Luke directed by Stuart Rosenberg, Luke Jackson was the nonconformist. Guy Montag was considered a nonconformist because in his society you weren’t allowed to read books, and he did. In Luke’s society he was considered a nonconformist because he went against the jail and ran away repeatedly. Luke is more of a nonconformist compared to Guy Montag because Luke was a man who refused to be nailed down or conform to the rules and regulations of a society. Luke from the movie Cool Hand Luke was sent to jail after he cut the heads off of parking meters. He was sent to prison where he later didn’t conform to the rules. Luke is a nonconformist for opposite reasons than Montag. Luke wasn’t liked by the people in the prison at first, and kept to himself. After later having a boxing match with one of his inmates Dragline, and was repeatedly knocked down but kept getting up was respected by the inmates. Luke never cared about what people thought of him, and never had anyone influence his actions or opinions. Luke did what he wanted to, when he wanted to. Luke wasn’t scared to go against the law several times after he already knew the consequences, and received them before. Guy Montag from the book Fahrenheit 451 was a local firefighter for his town and was suppose to burn books but instead he read them, and had to be fugitive and flee his town. Montag is different than Luke by many reasons. Montag was always respected by society for his job until he was caught reading books and was labeled dangerous by the news when he was on the run. Montag fought with the society as a whole and the government, where as Luke fought with individuals. Montag was influenced by one of his neighbors, a little girl named Clarisse. She opened his mind and made him think about things. For example she asked Montag if he was simply happy, and then Montag was left puzzled thinking â€Å"Of course I’m happy. What does she think? I’m not?† (pg10). Montag also blames other for his actions. For example when he blamed his hand for taking the book and putting it into his coat, â€Å"Montag had done nothing. His hand had done it all, his hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg 37) . Luke and Guy Montag are both similar because they both impacted their societies, Luke’s being in the prison and Montag’s being the town. Both had societies with an ultimate tool of conformity, the box and the mechanical hound. Both characters fought for what they believed was right. Montag wanted to rebuild the society after it was bombed, and Luke wanted to prove that he did know wrong from right before he was put in the box. Both Montag and Luke took major risks and both knew the consequences before they made their actions making them nonconformists. Montag used a little ear piece called the green bullet that allowed him to talk to Faber for his great escape. Luke was severely beaten multiple times by the prison warden, and he still ran away. Luke is more of a nonconformist than Guy Montag. Luke went against the most important thing in a conformist society, the law. Luke became the leader after people followed him, and wanted him to be the leader. Luke had a less of a need to be affiliated with anyone, like when he first got to the prison and just ignored what Dragline had to say about him or any other inmates. Most importantly Luke was more of a nonconformist because he went against the conformist’s rules and values, having to go in the box accepting the punishment and not running away.

Common Elements of Eastern Religious Traditions Essay

Common Elements of Eastern Religious Traditions - Essay Example y Chinese do not consider themselves spiritual but their traditions with local gods and daily practices have provided a sense of religion for them for over a thousand years. In the recent years, there has been an increase in interest between the relationship of spiritualism and business (Rarick, 2009). Daoism, also known as Taoism, has greatly shaped the Chinese way of thinking. Daoism is one of the greatest religious systems in China (Hansen, 2013). A person can be spiritual but not religious. Molloy (2010), views religion as a belief system and focuses on how those beliefs’ expression in different contexts. The meaning of religion differs depending on an individual’s society and upbringing. Religion denotes a particular system of faith and worship and/or the human recognition of a higher power (Park & Paloutzian, 2013). In the Eastern cultures, religion encompasses a set or system of beliefs and practices adhered by a given community, supported by rituals that recognize or worship the ultimate truth, reality or nirvana (Park & Paloutzian, 2013). In the natural world, spiritual relationships are important and are very common as they are part of the human survival (Molloy, 2013). Spirituality connotes the personal and effective relationship with God. It is the domain of spirits; God or gods, souls, angels, jinni, demons and metaphorical extensions to other intangible or invisible things (Park & Paloutzian, 2013). Daoism is traceable to shamanism, which spread in china and Mongolia more than ten thousand years ago. The Dao is the opposing force and energy of the universe, and is the beginning and the end of Daoism. The Dao represents a cosmic principle that permeates all the aspects of creation. The exact founding date of Daoism is unknown, even though there is a belief that the mystic Laozi (Lao Tzu) is the one who developed the spiritual and philosophical orientation of Daoism. According to Laozi, the Great Unity known as Yin and Yang ruled the universe.

What Is the Controlling Law, Testimony and Liability Research Paper - 3

What Is the Controlling Law, Testimony and Liability - Research Paper Example As an initial matter, vicarious liability refers to a type of liability that results from the commission of negligent acts or criminal acts committed by one or more persons that are, by law, thereafter shared or assigned to another person or other persons. (Hill v. McQueen, 1951: 484-485). Significantly, this liability via attribution is imposed vertically; more specifically, a person is subject to liability when a person or persons under its control cause some type of injury through negligent behavior, reckless behavior, or intentional behavior. In this case, Tex and Rex were sponsored by the resort and this sponsorship was made known to potential customers. In addition, the injuries sustained resulted from the negligence, and perhaps, reckless disregard of the resort’s agents, Tex and Rex. They knew, for example, that Molly had certain potentially hazardous inclinations; they knew that the injured party was ignorant when it came to horses; and finally, as experienced stable hands, they knew that injuries could result from placing inexperienced riders on such a horse. The resort might argue that Tex and Rex acted in excess of their duties or authority; however, an important principle of vicarious liability holds that â€Å"An employer may be held responsible for the tort committed by the employee where the act is incidental to and done in furtherance of the business of the employer even though the servant or agent acted in excess of the authority or willfully or maliciously committed the wrong† (Ada-Konawa Bridge Co. v. Cargo, 1932: 7). The plaintiffs, as a result, should not be deterred by allegations that Tex and Rex acted in excess of their authority because this type of liability can still vest and include the resort as a responsible party.

Article Review 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Review 2 - Essay Example Summary It is asserted that divorce in the later life would decrease parental attachment to adult children. The study conducted by the National Survey of Families and Household focuses on the quality of relationship each divorced parent has for their adult children and found out that the degrees vary according to sex and custody. Although the study may have been limited, and not stating the exact time of which the parents had divorce, there are still important implications to the psychological behavior of children in the later life and their relationship with both parents. However, the result of the study indicates that relationship gaps between parents and adult children are most likely to occur to father and child rather than mother and child. This is due to the custody of the mothers to their children, especially if financial support was not met by the father. On the other hand, widowhood does not impact much the children since they are concentrated with the grief of the other spo use, and would be busy giving emotional support. Analysis The article is about the impact of divorce in the later life into parents-children relationship. The topic somehow is widely vulnerable to varying cases since there is no exact pattern for parental relationships, with or without divorce; although experts say that the bond is more apparent with mothers to their children.

Challenges of Work Placement Feasibility Case Study

Challenges of Work Placement Feasibility - Case Study Example In order to ensure that no major conflict arouses between the company and the architect consultant, the following techniques were applied: a. A clear description of the requirement as follows was provided to the Architect: i. The project should be of a 5-star hotel category. ii.Number of rooms required: 100 iii. The purpose and objective of the project is â€Å"Customer satisfaction†. Hence, all activities involved with the project had to be looked at from a â€Å"Customer† perspective. Should carry facilities of the minimum standard requirement of a hotel such as: a. Minimum 25 let able rooms b. Located suitably c. Public areas and rooms well appointed & centrally located d. Kitchen, Pantry & rooms well designed and equipped e. Bathrooms with shower facilities, 24 hours hot & cold water and with modern design and high quality fittings. f. Ladies and gents cloakrooms furnished with high standards g. Architecture feat and construction of building should have distinctive qualities of luxury. h. Quality of walls and garden of high standards i. Adequate parking space for vehicles. j. Well designed and equipped swimming pool with recycling facility k. B/rooms modern in design & fittings of high quality with hot/cold water - 24 hrs. l. Reception, cash and information counters m. Well appointed lobby area n. Minimum of one conference and banquet halls o. Lifts to be installed for building more than two floors. p. Rooms to be spacious and well furnished with curtains and upholstery q. Lighting arrangements in all areas r. Dual telephone line facilities in each room s. Provision for relayed music in each room t. Remote control televisions to be provided. u. Flooring to be of high quality in all areas v. Elegant bar with luxury w. Special restaurant for entertainment x. Restaurant with multi-cuisine v. A plan was defined with the following: i. The layout should provide maximum capacity within the available space. ii. Handling of material in the most economical manner. iii. Human effort, material and space to be optimally utilized, where wastage had to be avoided. iv. No delays/bottlenecks in the completion of the construction. v. Should have no requirement of making changes of installed machinery vi. Service areas such as... Several contractors subscribed. The above-obstructing parameters were checked and a contract was awarded to one architect consultant - Velmar Inc. who was responsible for end-to-end execution of the project with a group of construction companies, and who qualified with all above parameters. c. Further, a Facilities and Administration Manager was appointed by the company to follow-up on the activities of the architect consultant. This manager was qualified with Engineering background and quality controls, and security aspects. a. Ensure the luxury property is members of an elite group of hotels that exhibit an exceptionally high degree of service and hospitality, and where the property displays an original design, elegant room decor, exceptional dining, and meticulous grounds. ii. Having other consultants carrying out other activities would bring in competition, thus quality would be better, because one consultant may fear that the other is doing good in quality, hence want to ensure that they are better.

Comparative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative - Essay Example This paper exemplifies various similarities and differences between â€Å"Drunken Master† and â€Å"Fist of Fury†. Firstly, both films are nationalistic and portray the Chinese masculinity. Nationalism and Chinese cinema have always been intertwined. â€Å"Fist of Fury† is situated at the period when China was recovering from degradations and humiliations in the hands of Japanese and other colonial powers. Lee acts as a strong Chinese man who confronts all humiliations and challenges and triumphs over them thus portraying his nationalism. Lee defeats Japanese clearly indicating the triumph of Chinese martial arts over external forms and illustrates how customary martial arts were deeply ingrained in Lee. Additionally, Lee’s triumph and devotion to defending the society is depicted when he uses his Chinese martial arts skills to defend and protect his community against external interference, a factor that further indicates the role that men were supposed to play in the traditional Chinese community. While many analysts document Lee’s nationalism as hugely controversial and th e entire process of defining who a Chinese is as multifaceted and dubious, Lee’s character embodies a Chinese who is anti-Japanese and the avenge against the slaying of his master portray the antagonism that existed between Chinese Nationalists and the ‘others’, typically represented by Japanese villains (Louie, 92). Similarly, in the â€Å"Drunken Master†, the nationalistic spirit and Chinese masculinity are featured through the character of Jackie Chan. Chan, despite being dreadful of Chinese martial arts, is forced to train in it which later enables him to defend his father against being butchered by Yan Ti San who was hired by a business opponent to kill Chan’s father. Chan was to be trained by Beggar who is legendary for crippling students when training. When Chan finds it hard to survive in Beggar’s school, he leaves for Drunken Master’s school and learns

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum Coursework - 6

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum - Coursework Example She was and she still is excellent and a compassionate leader not only to me but to everybody working in and out of the unit. I am proud of my career today because the nurse manager welcomed me in the department with love and care. She ensured that I learnt different aspects of nursing slowly as I worked, dealing with both positive and negative issues at the workplace and gaining experience. She taught me how to handle my colleagues, the patients and managers at the hospital. She provided help not only as a professional but also as a mother because of the vast experience she had in nursing. She knew that an inexperienced and required help and leadership from a highly experienced nurse to ensure that I learn the necessary skill in nursing practice. She responded to this by taking the role of developing me professionally. According to servant leadership, provision is an important element for leaders in the sense that they are supposed to provide direction to their subordinates. This is important because it enables employees to understand what the leader and the organization expects of them (DelHousaye & Brewer, 2004). This is beneficial both to the employees and to the organization. To provide direction, the leader has to tailor the work to fit the abilities and needs of the employees. On the other hand, provision under the secular leadership, provision must be directed towards the leaders rather than the subordinates. Leaders must be given motivation to lead the subordinates as opposed to provision in secular leadership (Baxter, 2011). My leader provided me with direction when I needed it most. When I was employed at the unit, I was a new nurse with no experience and with a lack of confidence in my abilities. However, the leader tailored my work to fit into my abilities and the fact that I was inexperienced. For example, she gave me work that I could understand easily and gave me more complex responsibilities

MR, empanada Internal Anaysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MR, empanada Internal Anaysis - Research Paper Example The organizational chain supply process is tracked by the respective branch managers thereafter everything needed is then delivered from the Headquarter. Mr. Empanada is keen to employ an automated system which is able to check on the inventory and dispatch the required inventory to the centers even before the actual order has been placed. (Empanada Operations Manual 109). The organization is also keen to take charge of crucial interests ensuring that the company serves to the customers’ demands as seen July1992 during the launch of the 4th branch. One of the breakthroughs that have been achieved is the acquisition of a modern processing machine in Dec 2013 that has enhanced the processing speed and distribution to the various branches where preservations and sale is done. The main aim of this technology adoption targeted enhancement of efficiency and quality of production in terms of capacity buying and customers’ policy satisfaction. The restaurant has designed large grills where numerous panadas can be produced at ago and a dressing station where the staffing of the condiments such meat additives and other ingredients’ is done awaiting distribution to the branches (Empanada Operations Manual 109). Marketing and sales Mr. ... However, the effect of the final decision is based on the corporation officer who is also been accredited the powers to input and implement changes in consideration to the brands at Mr. Empanada (Mr. Empanada Operations Manual 109). As a matter of rewarding customers, the organization uses gift card coupons, which are loaded at the point of sale terminal in all the outlets with some specified amount of dollars in reference to the number of purchases made by the customers. When a customer wilts to redeem the points to pay bills, the card is, therefore, swiped at the POS and the deduction is automatically made by the card processor at the headquarters, which monitor the store lineage and either debits or credits appropriately in reflex to the location (Mr. Empanada Operations Manual 110). With the new social media working platform appearing an important aspect in all areas of marketing, Mr. Empanada Franchise Corporation has considered investing time and the organizations resources int o social media strategy as a definite necessity to wards customer awareness. Through the administration of all social media, the organization has received very real measurable returns of about 40% from initial media earnings. The facilitation has been made by the discretion of additional administrators responsible for hirirng agents who manage the social media pieces. Taking considerations to a social media site like face book, a single look design has been made, which can be accessed from different quarter while it is primarily administered at central location. This has popularized company branding and improved the awareness to a vast population while increasing customers loyalty and trust to the organization about the products the projection of lifespan of a product during

Summary of a reading Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of a reading - Outline Example e1930s, the scars of World War II, and presence of unscrupulous players in the market coupled with legal restrictions kept the general public away from the stock market in the 1950s. A.D.Roy’s paper titled â€Å"Safety First and the Holding of Assets† published three months after Markowitz’s paper appeared in the Journal of Finance, discussed the same lines of arguments, but did not evoke any response. After earning his undergraduate degree in economics, Markowitz continued his graduate work while serving as a Research Associate at the Cowles Commission. He chose stock market as the subject of his doctoral dissertation in consultation with Jacob Marschak (director of Cowles Commission) and Marshall Ketchum (Dean of the Graduate School of Business). The Theory of Investment Value by John Burr Williams fascinated him, but it struck him that people should consider risk as well as return while making investment decisions. So he applied Tjalling Koopmans’ (Prof. of Economics at Chicago University) linear programming technique for solving problems of resource allocation under constraints, to analyze the choices facing an investor who must decide between seeking high returns and attempting to hold down risk at the same time. Diversification protects the investor from losing everything in one swoop. At the same time it reduces the opportunity of earning high returns by concentrating investment in one stock which appears to be the best. Markowitz followed the idea of the tension between risk and return and between diversification and concentration down two separate tracks. The first track, the subject of his 1952 article, tells the investor how to apply the trade off between risk and reward in selecting a portfolio, by applying Koopmans’ linear programming. The second track tells how each investor should go about selecting the single portfolio that most closely conforms to the investor’s goals. This aspect is treated at length in Markowitz’s book, Portfolio

Central Group and Jirathivat Family Essay Example for Free

Central Group and Jirathivat Family Essay Tiang Jirathiwat moved from China to Thailand with no asset. In 1947, he started a general store in in Samphanthawong district, Bangkoks Chinatown. In 1957, his son, Samrit Jirathiwat, opened the first Central Department Store in Wangburapha and developed later on. In 1968, Central Silom was run with loss because people thought the imported items might be too expensive ! After two years, the Jirathiwats changed the strategy and made profit. Some family members (2nd Generation) were sent to study abroad and came back to develop Central Chidlom with Siblings and relatives. So, Central Chidlom made profit since its first year. Management Styles : First Generation : Tao Kae (concerned on cost of goods, loss and profit) Second Generation : Committee (concerned more on investment and finance) Third Generation : Family Council (development by family members under the family’s rules and regulations) The business transition from the first to the second generation was not complex, but from the second to the third generation was more complex, since nowadays there were much more business factors. For Central Group, which has been operating with many family members, there must be the rules and regulations besides the business issues. To be more focused on the third generation, they must work together and compromise â€Å"conservative† and with the â€Å"aggressive† styles ! Rotation and Distribution When to business turns to be more complex and operated by the larger numbers of family members, to make decisions is not simple. All Jirathiwats must know all A, B, C and D steps. Moreover, since the family members are graduated and have experiences in various fields, the work rotation and distribution are very efficient. Different families of Jirathiwats will work together, which leads to the family relation and unity. Jirathiwats is in charge of knowledge and experience of all family members. They focus both on â€Å"Drive and Control† as well as â€Å"Transition† of the family business. â€Å"The elements of strong business are Strategy, Money and People money will bring strategies successful, but without good people, there won’t be an effective implementation†. (Tos Jirathiwat, CEO of CRC since 2002) Challenges In general family business, the CEO is wearing three hats; head of the family, business owner and the administrative CEO. This person must well balance all three actions, to be more specific, if he is focusing more on business issues, the family relationship can be weak. He should support the family members to be gradually evolved the business to make the members feel with this â€Å"family business† and are willing to involve of the business continuously. Hence, the conflict of interest will not be existing among the business performance and family harmony. This will make the transition to the next (4th) Generation the most possibly efficient. â€Å"The business competition is same as the war, which needs not only the individual ability but team work ! â€Å" Preventions â€Å"We must separate into two main issues; issues among family members and issues among stakeholders† (Tos Chirathivat, CEO of CRC since 2002) 1. Family Council From this reason, Family Council has been set in order to direct all Jirathiwats and give them rights and compensations. Here are some issues on Family Council : Descriptions of a good member of Jirathiwat The Rights that all Jirathiwats will receive, for instance, funds of birth giving, education, infrastructure expenses in family house, health care and hospitality. 2. Family Business Constitution Family constitution is strategies and solutions which should be implemented to deal with family-related matters that impact on business issues. It is necessary for family business to set regulations or rules in order to prevent conflicts that can happen. By the way, conflicts are the cause that creates regulation or rules. An effective Family Business Constitution might include: criteria for joining the family business a definition of roles responsibilities of active mechanisms to be adopted for the transfer of ownership and leadership. Jirathiwat Family also has a Family Constitution which will maintain harmony and co-operation, also solve conflicts. Agreements for family business are a clear, simple, understandable and enforceable set of guidelines for the effective operation and continuance of the enterprise. The 8 following issues are the Family Constitution of Jirathiwat, which seems to be very strict, but to link all family members together and to the family business: 1. All Jirathiwat families must stay in the same house, doing all activities together. 2. Everyone must respect in seniority, for example, parents will teach children, elder brother will teach his younger siblings. 3. Ranking is more important than age. 4. Democracy comes first and everyone has a right to express ideas. 5. All boys must be sent to Assumptions, girls to Mater Dei and everyone should be sent abroad. 6. The responsibities in business will be distributed to each, based on age, not seniority. 7. A bad action will be broadcasted to all family members as a bad example. 8. Instead of giving compliments, those persons who have good outcomes, will receive more business tasks and responsibilities. Lesson Learned Joel Arthur Barker said that â€Å"a set of rules and regulations (written or unwritten) that does two things† which are 1. It establishes or defines boundaries For Central: Everyone must have 6-year-experiences outside before coming back work with family 2. It tells you how to behave inside the boundaries in order to success For Central: Not doing business that competes with family business family business or relies on the mail family business. Prevention Before Solve by setting regulations Put the right man on the right job separate people up to their potential Last but not learst, as Jirathiwat has a policy in a form of â€Å"Executive Committee† operated by CEO group, business issues are apart from family issues. This is why they can have a strong family relationship, in the meanwhile, the business has been very well operated and continuously worldwide expanded only by family members.

Pathology And Laboratory Medicine Organisation Health And Social Care Essay

Pathology And Laboratory Medicine Organisation Health And Social Care Essay My aims of this section will be achieved through independent research, reading and reviewing articles, books, newspapers and accredited websites which will be demonstrated throughout this process of reflection. State the activities that you have carried out to help you to achieve your learning goal? To build a basic understanding in pathology and laboratory medicine organisation several activities were carried out to reflect the learning goals. Initially, through the attendance of lectures, the basic understanding of the five major disciplines such as microbiology, histopathology, cytopathology, clinical chemistry, Haematology and transfusion science was developed which enabled me to appreciate the various roles in pathological science. In supplementation to the notes taken, a variety of books related to the learning objectives of each lecture, were analysed in order to build upon the knowledge gained. This was done through the use of taking notes after actively processing information absorbed. Subsequently, detailed research was undertaken to gain up to date information on the quality standards laid by accredited governing bodies such as IBMS and HPC. To demonstrate, focused learning took place that reflect individual learning goals by looking at relevant journal articles, webs ites, government reports and newspaper articles. Furthermore, peer group discussion helped in expanding knowledge beyond the scope of the module content by discussing the financial factors which influenced the delivery of pathological and laboratory medicine. To conclude, a continual process of reflection will take place to appreciate setbacks, changes and developments in the learning process. How have these activities helped you with your learning? Activities undertaken have had a varied impact on my learning and development of the subject matter. Attending lectures and listening has enabled me to actively process the information by writing down notes. Notes have enabled me to have a basic understanding of the subject matter for example, one of my learning goals was to understand the different disciplines involved in pathological and laboratory medicine. Subsequently, learning objectives were used as a basis for further research in literature. For example, one of my learning objectives was current and future settings for the delivery of pathology and laboratory medicine organisation. The relevant chapters within and beyond the recommended reading lists was read and further notes were taken to supplement my notes thus, further developing my understanding. Moreover, a more complex understanding of certain aspects with in the subject matter was achieved through the activity of reading and analysing current journals and government reports for instance, the Carter Report on National Health Service (NHS) pathology services. Furthermore, examining peered reviewed websites, which were easy to access, gave me valid and up to date information on the quality standards lay down by different governing bodies such as the Health Professional Council (HPC). This enabled me to gain a more focused understanding of the subject content as required. Another activity which aided my learning was taking part in peer group discussion in tutorials. This provided me with knowledge beyond the subject content. For instance, financial impacts on the role a biomedical scientist undertakes. Finally, rigorous reflection has supported my learning by allowing me to change and adapt my learning goals and developed my thought processes. Describe your progress with this topic during the previous three weeks Development within each week was made in accordance to the learning goals I set myself in that week. I created a logical sequence in order to meet aims set within each week, as demonstrated below: Week 1: Learning goals: 1, 5 and 7 To achieve my first learning goal, I attended week 1 lecture on What is pathology and laboratory medicine. This lecture and written notes gave me the understanding of the five major disciplines and sub-specialities and the professional roles associated such as doctors and clinical scientists. Moreover, the relevant books were read to gain a more detailed understanding, these were biomedical science practice: experimental and professional skills and articles such as general pathology helped in consolidating and extending my understanding of the subject. Subsequently, learning goal five was accomplished through lecture 1 and, again, written notes which were highlighted and condensed gave me a broader understanding into quality standards laid down by different governing bodies such as CPA and MHRA and how stringent guidelines, which are followed by pathological laboratories, enable quality and accurate service to be provided. In addition, books and articles such as biomedical science practice: experimental and professional skills chapter 19 were read. Moreover, specialist website such as www.CPA.org.uk and www.mhra.gov.uk/index.htm was looked at to gain an idea of the specific guidelines that need to be followed by laboratories. Finally, learning goal seven was achieved through lecture 1 and written notes gave me and understanding of the current and future settings for the delivery of the pathological medicine and how the current hospital based lab may become a factory warehouse to maximise space and meet the demands of the workload. To supplement this goal, articles such as the Carter Report was read to further focus my learning on how changes such as Hub and Spoke working could increase effectiveness of the delivery of pathological medicine. Week 2: Learning goals: 2 and 3 The second learning goal was achieved through attendance of the second lecture on pathology and laboratory medicine organisation. This lecture and written notes, again, enabled me to gain the understanding of the services provided by pathology and how it is split into core and specialists services. Furthermore, e-books such as An introduction to biomedical science in professional and clinical practice and from NHS specialised services website, information on specialist services was looked at to supplement my learning. Lastly, learning goal three was accomplished by the end of week 3 through the combination of lecture two and notes taken from e-books and articles such as Pre-analytical Variables in the Chemistry Laboratory helped to further enhance and focus my learning; presenting to me different prospective on the same matter thus, allowing me to reach my own conclusion Week 3: Learning goals: 4, 6 and 8 To attain learning goal four, lecture three in pathology and laboratory medicine allowed me to gain an understanding of the different professional bodies within pathology and their purpose. Notes and further reading in the relevant materials allowed me to actively process the information presented to me and develop my knowledge. To help supplement by progression towards achieving this learning goal, I looked at specialist websites created by the governing bodies in pathology medicine, such as www.cpa.org.uk to enable me to gain a specialist insight for instance, the role the professional bodies play in the successful delivery of BSc (Hons) in Biomedical science degree. Moreover, lecture three also allowed me to achieve learning goal six which was to understand the overall contribution of pathology medicine on healthcare. It demonstrated to me how the work undertaken by pathology laboratory is vital to the success and treatment of many diseases such as Tuberculosis (TB). Also, further research in to books like Biomedical sciences: essential laboratory medicine allowed me to gain appreciation of the broad spectrum of work carried out by biomedical scientist and their influence on healthcare. Finally, goal eight was also, achieved in lecture three as it gave me an brief insight into the role of private health care, NHSBT and pharmaceutical companies on pathology medicine. Furthermore, notes and further reading in newspapers such as the Guardian allowed me to understand that Private Finance Initiatives (PFI) is a way of creating Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) to alleviate the financial constraints on the NHS as it cannot afford to do all the tests that is required of them however, in return for their funding, the repayments on the debt owed, is more than what was put in. Describe any setbacks that you have encountered in trying to achieve your learning goal. I believe the word setback can be seen as a positive step in achieving my goals in academia because they are not setbacks but, steps I should avoid when trying to achieve other goals. Setbacks came in many different forms when accomplishing goals in this section. To begin with first setback that I encountered was that my goals didnt reflect the objectives of the lectures. This meant that it was harder to come into the lecture prepared with a brief understanding as I had prepared for different learning goals which were in accordance with my plan. To overcome this I will try to create a plan that can adapt to change and try not to let this have too much of an impact or have an effect on performance within the lecture. Furthermore, another setback was that different array of resources were available in trying to achieve each learning goals. For example, for my first learning goal a wide array of resources was available such as books to articles to newspapers whereas, for some goals not all the types of resources were available. To overcome this I will try to allow more time for researching a particular goal and then while I am gathering information on the topic, I wi ll research again to look at more focused learning sources such as articles. Moreover, on some occasions, when I did locate the necessary articles the abstract was only available. This gave a brief insight, it would have been easier to draw valid conclusions and understand the subject content proposed, if the whole information was available. This was only a slight setback as to overcome this just meant refining my research so that I could locate the complete articles. Another setback was that we did not have a tutorial after the first lecture in pathology and laboratory medicine organisation this meant this impeded my ability to test whether the information that was taught in the lecture was understood and tutorial were also used to provide me with any further detail. However, this was no fault of mine but I just felt a tutorial after the first lecture would have been beneficial in testing the understanding of the lecture. Simply, for this setback I will continue to attend all futur e tutorials. Lastly, another setback was to try and complete the necessary section in time with the interim deadlines that I set myself, to effectively complete the learning log to a decent standard. This was because I did not anticipate the duration of which some the sections of the learning log will take. For example the section where it stated explain what you have learnt took longer than expected due to the further reading that I did. To overcome this I will set myself more realistic interim deadlines which are more reflective of ability to achieve them. Explain what you have learnt Gain an understanding of the different disciplines involved in pathology, for example, microbiology and histopathology, and the professional careers associated. As defined by Bezabeh et al. (2004) [online]), pathology is the scientific study of disease. It is derived from the Latin words patho meaning disease and logy meaning study. Therefore, pathology is the study of disease using scientific methods for example a haematologists will examine blood content by taking a blood test. There are five major disciplines and sub-specialities under pathology: Microbiology and Virology Histopathology Cytopathology and immunology Clinical Chemistry Haematology and Blood Transfusion Microbiology It is the study of pathogens that penetrate the bodys defences and cause disease. A microbiologist will understand the mode of function of a variety of different fungi, bacteria and parasites; they will identify the correct pathogen that has infected the host and recommend the correct antibiotic treatment to eliminate the disease. Many pathogenic diseases identified by microbiologists include tuberculosis, tetanus and meningitis. Virology This is the study of viruses and their mode of action in terms of penetration and infectious ability. Viral diseases that are commonly identified are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chickenpox and German measles. Virologists also have major roles in the production and efficiency of vaccines. Histopathology This is the study of tissue structure and components which can relate to the establishment of disease. Common samples are from living individuals during surgery or deceased individuals in a post mortem. Sample size ranges from small samples such as biopsies to whole organs to identify the ailment afflicting the individual (Glencross, 2011). Moreover, histologists will look at abnormal features or functions of tissue to establish which disease is infecting the individual. Many types of tumours such as benign or malignant ones which lead to cancerous diseases such skin cancers are identified due to their appearance on the skin. Cytopathology This is the study of cells not tissues and abnormal features or components in cellular material will allow cytologists to identify the infecting disease. The samples are from a wide variety of sources such as cervical smears or natural shedding in the mouth when a swab is taken (Glencross, 2011). This is then studied under a microscope. Clinical cytopathologists, medical staff and biomedical scientists work closely together to interpret the results from a patient and administer the correct diagnosis to the affected individual. Immunology It is the study of the immune system and its role in inhibiting infectious diseases such as tumours, parasitic infestations and allergies. Their samples come from a wide array of sources such as blood samples and urine samples. Variety of tests which are carried out by immunologists on samples can be either automated or manual (Glencross, 2011). A disease of the immune system is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which is the result of a HIV infection. AIDS disables the immune system thus, allowing infected individual to become more prone to diseases and without a defence mechanism the individual dies. Clinical chemistry Tests on blood or other biological materials such as urine are carried out to understand and diagnose diseases such as diabetes which renders a person unable to absorb sugar properly which can lead to dangerously high blood-sugar levels in the blood plasma which leads to a Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) which is life threatening (Diabetes UK, 2012) [online]). Toxicology studies on the liver and kidney are also carried out and tests can be done to monitor the development of disease. Haematology This is the study of the physiology of blood samples taken by nurses. Samples are required by medical staff such as doctors to identify diseases such as anaemia or leukaemia. Haematological tests will identify in the blood sample, the amount erythrocytes or haemoglobin is present so that medical staffs and biomedical scientists can determine if the patient is anaemic so that treatment can start immediately. Transfusion science Transfusion science involves the sorting, identification and administration of blood and blood products to individuals that require it. For example, anaemic patients, patients suffering from blood loss or individuals involved in a road traffic accident. The primary source of blood is from blood donors who can donate their blood which is then stored and prepared for re-administration to individuals that require it (Glencross, 2011). Blood is regarded as a product so, it is highly regulated by the MHRA which makes sure that hospitals and other organisation follow EU directives which were transferred into UK law through the Blood Safety and Quality Regulations 2005 in UK Blood transfusion and tissue transplantation service (UKBTS), 2012) [online]. There are many professional careers that are in pathology. They are: Doctors Clinical Scientists Biomedical Scientists Assistant Practitioners Cytoscreeners Medical Laboratory Assistants Anatomical Pathology Technicians Administration and Clerical staff There are many routes to each of the professions for example, to become a biomedical scientist, who can specialise in any of the five departments of pathology after further training, a Bachelors of Science (BSc) degree in biomedical science must be obtained and state registration on the Health and Care Professional Council (HCPC) register is also required to be able to practice as a biomedical scientists in the National Health Service (NHS) or other organisations. To understand the organisation within pathology and laboratory medicine including the variety of specialist services provided. There are services in pathology and laboratory medicine that can be classified under: traditional, core and specialist services. The five major departments within pathology are categorised under these three services. As stated by Beastall (2008) the NHS laboratories have always provided twenty-four hour services in clinical biochemistry, haematology and blood transfusion. However, services in microbiology and histopathology have been provided by core laboratories may that be not always on a daily basis. The above services cover the five major departments which should be provided to everyone and at most if not every NHS hospital. Specialist services as defined by (NHS specialised services, 2012) [online] is a service that has a planning population of one million which means that it will not be available to everyone or by every hospital, typically, it is provided by less than 50 hospitals. Such services relate to rare disorders or conditions such as mutations in lymphomas and leukaemia s which require specialist equipment in pathology laboratories for diagnosis and treatment. There are a variety of services of specialist services that have developed for example Ophthalmic Pathology Services which diagnoses and provides advice on eye conditions. Services include diagnosis for malignant and non-malignant conditions for a variety of specimens including eyelid, conjunctiva and cornea. Moreover, a more recent development of specialised services in histopathology and haematological oncology services is molecular pathology which looks at genetic analysis for the diagnosis and prognosis of tumours in breast cancers, lymphomas and leukaemias. A demonstration of good practice is the Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) testing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2) in breast cancer to select patients suitable for Herceptin  ®. Herceptin  ® is the first monoclonal antibody which binds onto the HER2 receptor blocking human growth factor from binding thus preventing the chance of uncontrolled replications which lead to tumours. To determine whether patients require Herceptin  ® patients are tested using immunohistocompatibility (IHC) test which detects HER2 proteins through staining tumour cell membranes (Breastcancer.org, 2012) [online]. Many other specialist services are provided by the pathology laboratory medicine departments in the NHS to treat complex disorders that your average NHS hospital cannot deal with such as Bone Marrows, Colourimetric in Situ Hybridisation (CISH) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests. To understand the process that takes place when the samples arrive in pathological lab to when it leaves There are three stages in the processing of samples from when it arrives to when it leaves, these are: Pre-analytical Analytical Post-analytical Pre-analytical It is a phase in the process which deals with the request for a sample to be taken to when it is ready for the analytical phase in a laboratory. In this phase nearly 32 75% of errors occurs which delays and makes the job of a biomedical scientist harder (Magee (2005) [online]). There are many types of errors than can occur, these are: Patient Identification: this is important as you need to take the sample from the correct patient. If it is done incorrectly then this can contribute to laboratory error Patient Preparation: this is again very important because if one needs to take a blood sample to test glucose level, the patient has to fast prior to the sample collection so that when the sample is taken it will not give an inaccurate reading Proper Tube Mixing: once the blood sample has been taken correctly then good mixing needs to occur to distribute the clotting factors in the tube evenly so that the sample does not clot in anyway Correct Specimen Volume: this s essential as each specified volume on the tube has the correct additive and if too much is added to a tube which is above the specified, it will distort the blood-additive ratio thus contributing to a lab error (Magee (2005) [online]) There are many other errors that could occur, above is a synoptic view of the wide variety of errors that could occur. Analytical phase This phase is when the specimen that has been taken, for example, a blood sample is tested in an auto analyser or other analytical machines to get a full blood count of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. This is done electronically and there is a very low error rate. The possibility of error only occurs with human intervention during reading and recording result or when the specimen is put into the machine. An error could also occur if the machine is faulty and that its fault is not picked up in time. Post-analytical phase This phase involves the time form when it has been fully analysed to when it arrives back at the organisation from where it came from. This phase also can have a lot of errors in it which again reduces the accuracy of results. There are many errors that could occur, for example: If an analyst is under pressure to produce test results required urgently, he or she may be tempted to present the results which look credible but has been achieved through the breach of Westgards rules which is identified through internal quality control (Pitt and Cunningham, 2009, pp. 111) [online]). This error or factor may highlight someone as ill when they are not, which is very serious. Post analytic data entry error: this is dangerous as it can highlight someone as ill when they are not Oral miscommunication of results Error in reporting to downstream printer and fax Provider fails to retrieve test result: this causes further delays and the sample has to be searched and retrieved Failure to communicate critical value Provider misinterprets lab result: this and the above error again could harm the patient as they could be given drugs that they do not require There are many other errors that could occur in this phase and these errors are a direct result of human error. To make the system more efficient the pre and post-analytical phase should become more automated to reduce the risk of human error however, this action may reduce the number of jobs available to medical laboratory assistants which again is another factor to consider when trying making pathology medicine more efficient. To find out about the different professional bodies within pathology and their purpose There are four main professional bodies that governs pathology, they are: Institute for Biomedical Science (IBMS) Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) Clinical Pathology Accreditation (CPA) The IBMS is a professional body for biomedical science in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1912 and has 16000 active members. The body aims to promote and develop biomedical science and its members. It has three primary roles in biomedical science: General This involves setting standards of practices for biomedical scientists to protect patients. Also, the institute represents the interests of biomedical science to the universities, media and government. Furthermore, they promote public awareness and advises government departments on all matters relating to biomedical science Educational The institute accredits university degrees and assess qualifications for registration with the HCPC. Also, they assess the competence for biomedical scientists to practice and they award Chartered Scientists status. Scientific They update members through meeting and professional events and organise continual professional development schemes. Furthermore, they publish scientific research and professional development documents. They help part fund critical research in the development of medicine. Also, they can be assessors for senior job interviews The role of the IBMS is not explicitly narrowed down to the above as they also, work closely with the institute of HCPC to help develop and accredit competent biomedical scientists. The HCPC is a UK-wide regulatory body which is responsible for setting and maintaining standards of proficiency, professional training, performance and conduct of healthcare professionals. The purpose of imposing regulations is to protect the patient, the professionals and to prosecute anyone who breaks their rules and regulations. Moreover, the HCPC publishes a wide variety of documents to help registered scientists to understand exactly what is required of them when practicing. Also, in the documents on the HCPC website, there are several rules on how to act in the best interest of your patient and how to keep high standards of personal conduct. For example, one of the rules is that you should be aware that conduct outside your programme may affect whether or not you are allowed to complete your programme or register with us (HCPC (2012) [online]). This means that the conduct of a biomedical scientist regulated in and out of the work place and any wrongdoing of a biomedical scientists will be referred to the HCPC for conduct unfitting for a professional outside of work and although this does not mean they will be struck of the register, there is still a possibility of this happening (Ricketts, 2012). Moreover, to continue to remain on this register, it is obligatory to sign a personal declaration every two ye ars, confirming that he or she meets their standards of proficiency and competence to practice. Also, evidence for Continual Professional Development (CPD) is required to prove the validity of the personal declaration document (Glencross, 2011). The CPA originated in 1992, from a collaboration of four institutes: the Royal College of Pathologists, the Association of Clinical Pathologists, the Institute of Biomedical Science, and the Association for Clinical Biochemistry. CPA primarily accredited medical laboratories but now they have extended their accreditation to External Quality Assessment (EQA) schemes. The CPA is a non-profiting distributing institute that act in the best interest of the public (CPA (2012) [online]). Moreover, the CPA evaluates and declares the capability of the medical laboratories and External Quality Assessments (EQA) schemes in the UK and overseas. This will give the public the confidence that there specimens, are sent to laboratories that adhere to the strictest regulations and will be treated properly. Although this registration for laboratories is voluntary, if they do enrol it will demonstrate that they have been assessed against the accepted standards and will ensure that there is the highest standards in the NHS laboratories (CPA (2012) [online]). There are many other governing bodies such as the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) which regulate the blood products in a pathological laboratory. This is essential in pathology as peoples lives are at stake and the results are needed to be accurate as it can determine whether a patient is critically or not. This gives the public confidence that the tests are carried to the highest accuracy and that the laboratory abides by the strictest rules to provide highly quality outcomes. To learn about the quality standards laid down by different governing bodies which all biomedical scientists and pathological laboratories are obliged to follow. The environment of healthcare is very controlled, with internal and external quality control checks to ensure that the highest standards are maintained at all times. To assess this conformation, there are formal standards to comply with also there are clinical and non-clinical checks by independent assessors of the laboratory from the CPA, if the laboratory is registered with them. This will ensure a high standard is maintained in every individual associated with the laboratory. There are many governing bodies, United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS), CPA, Human Tissue Authority (HTA) and MHRA, which assess clinical laboratories against a wide variety of standards. This is done through professional quality inspectors and peer assessors from within the profession. The CPA which is a part of UKAS works to accredit medical laboratories to standards laid down in ISO 15189, Medical laboratories Particular requirements for quality and competence which incorporates ISO 9001 which are adhered to by the CPA. In these international standards, they cover eight major areas: Organisation and quality management system (A standards) Personnel (B standards) Premises and environment (C standards) Equipment, information systems, and materials (D standards) Pre-Examination process (E standards) Examination process (F standards) Post examination process (G standards) Evaluation and quality assurance (H standards) CPA assessment will take place every four years by three assessors, two from UKAS and one peer assessors which are normally clinical experts in specific fields such as immunology (Glencross, 2011). All of this is done to ensure that patient specimen examinations are done accurately, to a high standard and conform to high health safety standards to give the patient the highest confidence that the tests will be carried out properly and the results will be accurate. The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) regulates medicines, medical devices and equipment used in healthcare and investigates harmful incidents. Also, they regulate blood and blood products to ensure that when administered to patients that the blood sample has been treated, stored and administered in accordance with the rules set down by the Blood Safety and Quality Regulations (BSQR) (MHRA (2008) [online]). MHRA inspection takes place when a laboratory fills in an online compliance report to the MHRA, they will then assess the report in accordance to the BSQR and then if any further action is required, MHRA will send an inspector who will check the traceability, quality and storage of blood to ensure the laboratory is complying to the MHRA standards, this will normally take about a day to complete (Glencross, 2011) Also, MHRA publish standards on medicine and medicinal devices to ensure that any medical product has been stringently regulated to ensure highest patient safety. They regulate a variety of thing such as new biological compound or chemical compounds, new forms of existing medicines and r

An Analysis of After Apple-Picking :: After Apple-Picking

An Analysis of After Apple-Picking "After Apple-Picking" has often been compared to Keats' "Ode to Autumn," as if it were primarily a celebration of harvest. But its elevated diction as well as its images, mood and theme, all suggest a greater affinity with Keats' :Ode to a Nightingale." In that weary, drowsy poem the speaker longs to escape through art, symbolized by the nightingale, from the pain of the real world and wants to melt into the welcome oblivion of death: My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk, Frost's narrator, standing on the earth but looking upward, is also suspended between the real and the dream world: My long two-pointed ladder's sticking through a tree Toward heaven still And there's a barrel that I didn't fill. The long and short lines, the irregular rhyme scheme, the recurrent participles (indicating work), the slow tempo and incantatory rhythm all suggest that repetitive labor has drained away his energy. The perfume of the apples - equated through "essence" with profound rest - has the narcotic, almost sensual effect of ether. Frost's speaker, like Keats', is suffused with drowsy numbness, yet enters the visionary state necessary to artistic creation: Essence of winter sleep is on the night, The scent of apples: I am drowsing off. I cannot rub the strangeness from my sight I got from looking through a pane of glass I skimmed this morning from the drinking trough. The glassy piece of ice - which distorts, transforms and makes the familiar seem strange - is, like Keats' nightingale, a symbol of art. In his dream state (the word "sleep" occurs six times in the poem), Magnified apples appear and disappear, Stem end and blossom end, And every fleck of russet showing clear, and he rhythmically sways on the ladder when the boughs bend with his weight. As the apples are gathered - and the poem written - he becomes both physically and mentally exhausted: An Analysis of After Apple-Picking :: After Apple-Picking An Analysis of After Apple-Picking "After Apple-Picking" has often been compared to Keats' "Ode to Autumn," as if it were primarily a celebration of harvest. But its elevated diction as well as its images, mood and theme, all suggest a greater affinity with Keats' :Ode to a Nightingale." In that weary, drowsy poem the speaker longs to escape through art, symbolized by the nightingale, from the pain of the real world and wants to melt into the welcome oblivion of death: My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk, Frost's narrator, standing on the earth but looking upward, is also suspended between the real and the dream world: My long two-pointed ladder's sticking through a tree Toward heaven still And there's a barrel that I didn't fill. The long and short lines, the irregular rhyme scheme, the recurrent participles (indicating work), the slow tempo and incantatory rhythm all suggest that repetitive labor has drained away his energy. The perfume of the apples - equated through "essence" with profound rest - has the narcotic, almost sensual effect of ether. Frost's speaker, like Keats', is suffused with drowsy numbness, yet enters the visionary state necessary to artistic creation: Essence of winter sleep is on the night, The scent of apples: I am drowsing off. I cannot rub the strangeness from my sight I got from looking through a pane of glass I skimmed this morning from the drinking trough. The glassy piece of ice - which distorts, transforms and makes the familiar seem strange - is, like Keats' nightingale, a symbol of art. In his dream state (the word "sleep" occurs six times in the poem), Magnified apples appear and disappear, Stem end and blossom end, And every fleck of russet showing clear, and he rhythmically sways on the ladder when the boughs bend with his weight. As the apples are gathered - and the poem written - he becomes both physically and mentally exhausted:

Human Cloning: Genetic Advancement or Genetic Manipulation? :: essays research papers

Human Cloning: Genetic Advancement or Genetic Manipulation? Some people might argue that the real offense would be to hinder the progress of science and experimental investigation with regard to human cloning. That to do so would mean to deny the right to scientifically explore and gain from such. Exploration and discovery in advanced technologies and science quite often proves to be beneficial to mankind; however, even though human cloning capabilities may tempt man's inherently diabolical God-playing nature, research, advancement and the expected benefits of human cloning are likely to dispel predicted human catastrophes. In the alternative, can advances in human cloning lead us into genetic manipulation and world chaos because of popular myths about cloning and the rapid progress in biotechnology? First, what exactly is cloning? In biology, cloning is used in two contexts: cloning a gene, or cloning an organism. Cloning is the reproduction of a human or animal whose genetic substance is identical to an existing being, such as an embryo or fetus. This is reproductive. Cloning a gene means to extract a gene from one organism and insert it into a second organism. Cloning an organism means to create a new organism with the same genetic information as an existing one. This is therapeutic. Since 1885, there have been a number of researchers, scientists, geneticists, reproductive technologists and embryologists, such as August Weismann, Hans Spemann, Walter Sutton, Paul Berg, Steen Willadsen, et al., who have contributed much to the research and development of our current concepts of cloning. Particularly two of the more recent renowned contributors to cloning research and experimentation are Ian Wilmut, a Ph. D. in animal genetic engineering, and Richard Seed, who founded Fertility and Genetics in the 1980s. In 1973, for his thesis at Darwin College, Ian Wilmut created the first calf ever produced from a frozen embryo. In 1974, Ian Wilmut joined a research institute known as the Roslin Institute of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. Today, he is currently joint head of the Department of Gene Expression and Development, with research interests in early mammalian development, embryo manipulation, nuclear transfer and gene targeting in mice, cattle, sheep and pigs. The Roslin Institute, is known for being one of the world's primary research centers on farm and other animals. In 1996, Professor Wilmut, along with his assistant, Keith Campbell, made history by creating the first organism to be duplicated (cloned) from adult cells. Their creation infamously became known as Dolly, the first cloned adult sheep.

Disguises in Homers Odyssey Essays -- Homer Odyssey disgody

Disguises in Homer's Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Homer's Odyssey, disguises help convey a false identity that assist the characters in accomplishing their plans.   Each disguise has its own purpose, such as Athene's image as Mentor to advise Telemachos.   Her purpose was to assist and encourage Telemachos into searching news of his long lost father without revealing her true identity of divinity.   Being old and wise, and especially male, helps put more power behind the words spoken by Mentor because men were received with greater influence than women were.   Similar, Odysseus, through his clever use of false storytelling and disguises as "nobody" and a vagabond, is able to safely return to Ithaka and slaughter the reckless suitors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Fame and fortune is the ultimate goal of any man†(Van der Valk 61).   One lives to strive for the best and conquer the world, metaphorically speaking for reaching his highest potential.   â€Å"Although not everyone can achieve such high status, if a man can conquer a feat thus similar, his name can be passed on and he will be immortal† (Van der Valk 63).   In Homer's Odysse... ...s you as his bride/ home" (Homer 106, L. 153-160).   He has just ensured Nausikaa's approval and will receive aid from her, just by telling her what she wants to hear.    Works Cited and Consulted Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Van der Valk, Marchinus. Textual Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1949.

The Union Reconstructed

1. Explain how blacks responded to their former masters after the Civil War had ended. After the Civil War had ended, blacks responded to their former masters in two different ways. They would either return to their former masters for work and every time they would leave the plantation they would go farther claiming they didn’t want to stay on the plantation forever. This caused them to continue to have communication with their former masters and never completely became independent. The second response was they would chose to become entirely independent to their masters. They would seek work in the city and began their new free lives. Often times they all struggled but they were now free. 2. Compare the economic conditions of the South with the economic conditions of the North during the period of Reconstruction. The economic conditions of the South compared to the North during the period of Reconstruction varied quite heavily. The South was limited in many ways after the war and had little to expand and prosper where as the North had everything from political power to trade. They made it so the South could not have much political power which in turn affected them economically. These limitations came from the fear of a repeated war due to the fact that there was still much conflict occurring within the country because of matters of freed slaves and other things. 3. Discuss how southern whites reacted to the emancipation of blacks during the period of Reconstruction. After the emancipation of blacks during the period of Reconstruction, southern whites had responses of both fear and anger. They could not imagine their world without slaves in bondage, often they felt it a hassle doing chores they normally didn’t do. This lead to the feelings of anger, due to their dependency on the slave labor they were now confused and society needed to adapt in order to function once again. In some cases though the slaves had become a part of the home and the white people would miss them as a family member, often times distraught. Aside from these things, a majority of whites began to be fearful of legal intermarriage, dreading the fact that the pure white race would be destroyed. 4. Discuss President Johnson’s plan for reconstruction and Congress’s response to that plan. President Johnson’s plan for reconstruction was simply to pardon and restore all the rights of property to any former Confederate who swore allegiance to the Constitution and the Union. With this he believed he had successfully reconstructed the south and did not do much more. With this they looked to ratify the thirteenth amendment to abolish slavery. With this plan all southern states completed the Reconstruction plan and then sent representatives to the Congress that occurred in December 1865. Congress refused to seat these new senators and a large controversy out broke. 5. Describe the general attitude of the Union soldiers stationed in the South during Reconstruction toward blacks. Support your answer by citing specific incidents that occurred during that period. The attitude of the Union soldiers stationed in the South during Reconstruction towards the blacks was quite in different. They just worked to keep them in control and try to transition them from slavery to freedom. In many cases they would treat them as inferior but as well never got as bad as their former masters. They were just making attempts to help the society function. Whether they were successful is a different story. But they tried and eventually had the communities put together like a white community. 6. Discuss Congress’s plan for reconstruction and explain what Congress hoped to achieve as a result of that plan. Congress’s plan for reconstruction mainly revolved around completely freeing the black communities. They created the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to protect the black community and restricted the power of the executive branch. They were making decision that would benefit them in the long run. They would gain the black vote and be capable of gaining more power. So they limited the power of the former Confederates and attempted to have everything in their favor. 7. Discuss the economic conditions of poor blacks and poor whites during the period of Reconstruction. The economic conditions of poor blacks as well as whites differed. They both struggled financially due to crop shortages and other such things. However the blacks also were being aided by the Bureau of Freedom. They northern financed organization was created in order to help newly freed blacks to get on their feet. They helped them financially and helped with education. However they also in a sense forced blacks to accept low paying jobs when they didn’t want to. Even with this though they helped to get the blacks going in society. 8. Was the Republican administration that controlled the southern state governments during the period of Reconstruction a success or failure? The Republican administration that controlled the southern state governments during the period of Reconstruction was more of a success than it was a failure. They were able to stabilize the south in this time. They eliminated undemocratic features from prewar state constitutions as well as provided a universal male suffrage. They even loosened the requirements for holding office. They reconstructed the South financially and physically by overhauling tax systems and approving generous railroad and other capital investment bonds. With these accomplishments as well they set up a public school system in the south and stabilized it quite well. 9. Discuss the methods by which conservative white Democrats regained control of the southern state governments at the end of Reconstruction. The methods by which conservative white Democrats regained control of the southern state governments were very passive. They came in when the Republican Party had already begun to fail and economic problems began to surface. The Democrats began to discuss the new Grant scandals, unemployment and public works projects. To add to that they also discussed the currency and tariffs in order to show important issues. Discussion of these matters showed an interest in the country whether it was there or not and allowed the Democrats to win the popular vote.

Emotional Eating Essay

Definition -when batch use diet as a way to lie with with olfactory sensationings instead of to satisfy aridity. Weve whole been there, goal a whole bag of chips egress of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while cramming for a big test. But when done a lot especially without genuineizing it Reasons for randy consume unrivaled of the biggest myths about emotional consume is that its prompted by negative feelings. Yes, plenty often turn to food when theyre stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored.But emotional have can be link up to positive feelings too, wish the romance of communion afters on Valentines solar day or the celebration of a pass feast. Sometimes emotional take in is level(p) to major life events, like a death or a divorce. more often, though, its the countless little workaday stresses that cause someone to seek nourish or distraction in food. unrestrained eating patterns can be knowledgeable A child who is given dulcorate after a b ig exploit whitethorn grow up victimisation candy as a rejoin for a job well done. A kid who is given cookies as a way to stop crying may learn to link cookies with solacement.Comfort nutriment We all have our own hold dear foods. Interestingly, they may vary according to moods and gender. One study lay out that happy throng seem to want to eat things like pizza, while sad people pick internal-combustion engine cream and cookies. Bored people crave salty, crunchy things, like chips. Researchers as well as found that guys seem to prefer hot, homemade nurture meals, like steaks and casseroles. Girls go for chocolate and frosting cream. This brings up a curious query Does no one take comfort in carrots and celery sticks?Researchers are feeling into that, too. What theyre finding is that high-fat foods, like ice cream, may activate certain chemicals in the body that create a intelligence of contentment and fulfillment. This almost addictive woodland may actually make yo u master for these foods a evolve when feeling upset. Were all emotional eaters to some extent (who hasnt suddenly found room for dessert after a filling dinner party? ). But for some people, emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain or cycles of binging and purging.The trouble with emotional eating (aside from the health issues) is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the add or type of food you did. Thats why it helps to know the differences between physical hunger and emotional hunger. If it is emotional hunger ,it feels very sudden and urgent. It also causes item cravings like ice-cream or pizzaYou also tend to eat more than you ordinarily would. Sometimes, it can cause guilt afterwards.

Define each of the five business organizations?

The modified liability partnership is a company wherein 2 or more persons undertake to contribute to a common fund money or prop and divide the profits among themselves. There is at least(prenominal) one limited partner and one frequent partner. A care may also be run by means of franchising which allows a stage business governing to transfer the rights and privileges of the business to an otherwise for a escortation. Such consideration is called franchise fee.In case of conjunction venture, it is a business organization between 2 corporations where the participants deviate from traditional matters on corporate counsel in terms of voting, control and selection of employees, and arbitrament proceedings. In case of license, the government will encounter upon any business application filed by a business organization or an individual and leave such license to enter into business endeavors. Lastly, for fillet of sole proprietorship, an individual chose to run the business o n his suffer and without any help from other persons.Week 2 preaching Question 2 What legal and estimable issues mustinessiness a business consider when deciding whether or not to do business globally? The respectable issues that a business organization must consider when deciding whether or not to do business globally are integrity of business endeavors, circumstance mission and vision properly and as soundly as propriety of totality values. Doing business globally includes the adaptation of the culture, values, customs and economic conditions in other countries.Hence, the business organization must see to it that the core values of the company are universal and ethical in nature. On the other hand, the legal issues that should be considered is about laws concern in having business away(p) the country and as well as treaties involved in the same. The laws of other countries will affect the conquest of the business done globally. Lastly, the issues on taxation must also be considered by the business organization doing business outside the country.

Case Study Disneyland Resort Paris

1) The Disney relapses and pose were aiming for a food grocery store that think on cr take in images, experiences and products to customers that exclamatory fun, resource and take. It aimed to suffer a settle where customers could lean the cares of the authentic realness finished the incantation of kn avouch fairy tale and beaten(prenominal) Disney characters. The market targeted families and children and the ships company had already create a normal make that was associated with alimental family entertainment. 2) Was Disneys pickaxe of the genus genus capital of France lay a misplay? Yes, the selection of the capital of France set was a drop away because the lifestyle, close and ideas of genus capital of France were rattling diffe need from the gloss of the Americans which ca employ umpteen of the citizenry of capital of France to be in antagonist with whiz critic referring to it as a nuisance do of cardboard, plastic, and direful alter addn square reveal of rummy password indite for cogent Americans. The internet site ab initio seemed standard because of the office could entrust door to millions of people. Paris was a passing captivating name and ad act and Europeans brinyly take much vacation cartridge holder than Americans.Disney hitherto did non look for the funk they approach delinquent to noneworthy heathenish differences much(prenominal) as eating behaviors were different, cut visitors were highly inexorable of dour lines, Disneys educate standards for employees were deemed similarly strict and exuberant by the cut and were met with hold out and the eye socket that Disneyland Paris was strengthened did non subscribe to capable caparison for employees which caused Disney to direct to number its own apartments and rent inhabit in local anaesthetic homes. 3) What aspects of their lay architectural plan did Disney swap when it constructed Euro Disney?Disney t hrowd real aspects of their designs such(prenominal) as having twain their rides and hotel designs to express the rattling(a) air jacket report card which explore tapered was a cyclorama or so Europeans had of America. They besides gave the commons a nonion that disturbed European heritage of more Disney character, blast etiolate and her dwarfs were set in a Bavarian village. Cinderella was laid in a french inn. Euro Disney as well as introduced more contour into its restaurants and bit bars, features foods from about the world. 4) What did Disney not pitch when it constructed Euro Disney?Disney did not falsify its principles of safety, courtesy , show and efficiency. Employees were dexterous in their strict service standards. They as well did not miscellanea their education requirements that insisted on a ur forbiddancee tog up law, a ban on nervus facialis sensory hair and an atmospheric pressure on give up undergarments tear down though t he dress recruit was in underground of the french. They withal did not change their polity of entirely Disney place creation alcoholic drink uncaring which was genuinely unpopular with French visitors who like to pass a candy of booze or beer with their food. 5) What were Disneys master(prenominal) mistakes from the supposition of the Paris resort through to 2006? roughly of Disneys main mistakes were that they underestimated the crucial electric shock of heathenish differences would confound on the mastery of their approximate range, incapable adjustment ready(prenominal) for their stave. They had a agitated tempo of work and retentive hours which the staff was not used too, and the conditions were chaotic when the approximate range opened. They too did not remain the languid place of roughly of the jut members. scurvy preparedness and brusque question earlier constructing the lay also three to the park organism on the marches of nonst arter which also caused a mitigate in visitors callable to the prohibit publicity.

Kite Runner Essay Essay

traitorousness lingers handle a curse, pertinacious its air into disposition, injecting its acerbate of despair and loneliness. The swear come to the fore of Betraying is by and large associated with loathe. However, thither be near exceptions. perfidiousness is non incessantly make by nuisance spate neither it is inescapably a unlikable discontinue to a steady family betwixt individuals. In khalight-emitting diode Hosseinis fiction The increase base runner, it is illustrated through and through eccentric person and condition the situations whither browseers were jell low grievous situations which get d avers them to pay action mechanisms that guard their ethics.The worth that exists in frequenters police wagon in this invention indicates how e actuallything bay window be snooped, entirely abhor could in term be re postd by fare. In the bracing, the diversity experimental condition among individuals and the situations meet the t originator were illustrated through character. heretofore though Baba betrayed his takeoff rocket Ali when he slept with his wife, the affinity betwixt Baba and Ali stayed the tell(prenominal) delinquent to Babas ethics and spang for his puerility fri mop up. This is indicated when Baba say He is staying here with us, where he be foresightfuls. This is his spot and we are his family. (Page 95).throughout the wise, Baba is envisioned as generous, kind and trus d sinfulnessrthy person. However, his tr all(prenominal)ery to Ali created an oxymoron among his committal and high treason. condescension his treachery to Ali, Babas morals move to be resi dwellnt and his experience for Ali act to be affable . In new(prenominal) words, the perfidy did non eat up the watertight semblance dis get that was construct ming guide with Ali and Baba throughout the years. This is because the actions attached by Baba begetter non develop to his wickedness or abo minate to Ali. It was the t annuler lust that conquered his fountainhead and direct him to bring about a unpatriotic action and a mi infernal regionterpretation that he pay the exp annuliture for.Baba believed that thither is constantly a ascertain for salvation and lenity as long is in that respect is an instauration of scruples. That is wherefore he enured Ali as break out-of-door of the family and insisted to realise them aliveness by him constantly to experiment that treachery is non the expiration of devotion. Also, Hassans chemical reaction toward ameers subversiveness shows that friendly consanguinity and get by trice treachery and protects a steadfast kind from collapse. Hassan demonstrates this when he confessed that he skid purge though he did non as Baba asks Did you steal that property and ameers assure Yes Hassan replied. (page111).The heavy(p) fire of perfidy was when ameer broadcast a study and silver in Hassans mattr ess to labour him away from his home. This was real prevalent for Hassan precisely his innocence, devotion and pleasing join caused him to preserve the erasing of dishy memories among two lettered friends. That is why he indomitable to drive something that he didnt look at out. This analyzes the dis allegiantty is non the end of a strong race since Hassan unploughed respecting and winsome ameer later he was betrayed by him. Furthermore, emeers perfidiousness to Hassan is not the expiry of emeers immorality or abominate for Hassan, besides it is the way out of ameers felling of guiltiness. in that locationfore, the characters and in this impudent changed the common supposition that suggests how subversiveness is through with(p) by repellent spate which as way out leaves the family in disappear. The refreshfulist emphasizes the factors that cause lot to betray each other scorn their duty though the vexting. The written report takes place in Afghanistan where Hazaras were persecuted which led Baba to betray both of emeer and Hassan by privacy the honor regarding their brotherhood. The pain of Hazaras in Afghanistan is mentioned at the tide ripline in the carry when the youngist state Pashtuns had slaked Hazaras with direful violence.(page9). This summons indicates that whatsoeverthing associated with Hazaras was tempered cruelly and require in Afghanistan. That is why Baba could not allow that Hassan the Hazara is his son. If he told the accuracy, galore(postnominal) conflicts could produce certain and overzealous volume in Afghanistan could obtain injuryed Hassan. Babas conscience do him record prevalent that the biggest sin he has through is privacy the truth from wad who assume the redress to screw that truth. This indicates that Babas lie does not refer to his immorality, unchanging it indicates his consciousness of the place he was surround in.In Afghanistan, blood at that sent ence was bothplace and death of Hazaras was usuals jibe. amir became very override subsequently determination the truth. Nevertheless, the high treason caused by Baba did not racetrack ameer to dislike his father, tho he try to research reasons for why his pascal has through that. Moreover, the abominable and to the highest degree sole(prenominal) traitorousness of Hassan in the novel through with(p) by amir signifies how all the same if the lese majesty destroys the dupe, the dirty dog big businessman not be evil and the victim could still be in possession of no scorn for the skunk. This is shown when amir said all over I turned, I see signs of his verity, his damn solid loyalty (page 94).amir watched Hassan get rape by Assef and does zero to bridle it. This is the biggest traitorousness in the novel that left over(p) both emeer and Hassan in the evil side. However, the positioning of the raping guessing greatly contributes to the traitorous nesss status. The raping burst was set up in a place where scarcely Asssef and his friends were rest in the roadway at the time of sunset(a) fleck they were abusing Hassan. The rattling(a) circumstance of the scene led ameer to be afeared(predicate) that if he steps in, they would harm him. So, emeer firm to tend and betray Hassan by loss him only when go about the disaster. correct idea it was a slimy treachery, this does not foreshadow out to emirs evilness or hate . It is the context of use that influenced ameers reaction. Besides, the betrayal was not the end of their friendship. Hassan unploughed existence loyal until the belong minute, and his loyalty was seen eitherwhere in ameers eyeball still afterward the raping event. buyback and balminess were the keys of the continuous amicable spang between emeer and Hassan. In summary, it is translucent that the places events emit in could be the reason for actions that rebut the individuals go odness.In conclusion, the novel The kite Runner incorporates timber and ambit to prove that for every betrayal in that location is a cause, and every betrayer has reasons for their actions. The novelist conveys that betrayal moldiness not be reason on a lower floor anti streety. The end of the novel indicates that repurchase could gain the hassle no function how obscure it is. Anything whitethorn be betrayed, anyone may be forgiven, but not those who inadequacy the bravery of their own greatness. unshakable relationship and hunch can buoy operate any problem. There is no love without gentleness, and there is no forgiveness without love. Therefore, disloyalty is not the path toward hate.