Working conditions free essay sample

Working today is usually quite safe. The government has made laws saying that employers have to look after the workforce and provide safety equipment and other things for them. At the start of the Industrial Revolution none of these laws existed and so working in a factory could prove to be very dangerous indeed. This section looks at some of the conditions faced by workers and offers a brief explanation of what was done to improve these conditions. Industries such as the cotton trade were particularly hard for workers to endure long hours of labour. The nature of the work being done meant that the workplace had to be very hot, steam engines contributing further to the heat in this and other industries. Machinery was not always fenced off and workers would be exposed to the moving parts of the machines whilst they worked. Children were often employed to move between these dangerous machines as they were small enough to fit between tightly packed machinery. We will write a custom essay sample on Working conditions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This led to them being placed in a great deal of danger and mortality (death rates) were quite high in factories. Added to the dangers of the workplace also consider the impact of the hours worked. It was quite common for workers to work 12 hours or more a day, in the hot and physically exhausting work places. Exhaustion naturally leads to the worker becoming sluggish (slow), which again makes the workplace more dangerous. Not all factories were as bad as the scenario highlighted above. Robert owen and Titus salt for example were both regarded as good employers in this respect. They were amongst a group of people who were known as reformers. These people wanted changes to the way that factories were run. They faced opposition from other mill owners who knew that reforms would cost them money and give the workers more rights. (They wanted to make as much profit as possible remember, that is the purpose of manufacturing in a capitalist country). The reformers gradually managed to force changes to the way that workers were treated.

Table of mRNA Codons and Properties of the Genetic Code

Table of mRNA Codons and Properties of the Genetic Code This is a table of mRNA codons for the amino acids and a description of the properties of the genetic code. Genetic Code Properties There is no ambiguity in the genetic code. This means each triplet codes for only one amino acid.The genetic code is degenerate, which means there is more than one triplet code for many of the amino acids. Methionine and tryptophan each are coded by just one triplet. Arginine, leucine, and serine each are coded by six triplets. The other 15 amino acids are coded by two, three, and four triplets.There are 61 triplet codes for amino acids. Three other triplets (UAA, UAG, and UGA) are stop sequences. The stop sequences signal chain termination, telling the cellular machinery to stop synthesizing a protein.The degeneracy of the code for the amino acids coded by two, three, and four triplets is only in the last base of the triplet code. As an example, glycine is coded by GGU, GGA, GGG, and GGC.Experimental evidence indicates the genetic code is universal for all organisms on Earth. Viruses, bacteria, plants, and animals all use the same genetic code to form proteins from RNA. Table of mRNA Codons and Amino Acids mRNA Amino Acid mRNA Amino Acid mRNA Amino Acid mRNA Amino Acid UUU Phe UCU Ser UAU Tyr UGU Cys UUC Phe UCC Ser UAC Tyr UGC Cys UUA Leu UCA Ser UAA Stop UGA Stop UUG Leu UCG Ser UAG Stop UGG Trp - - - - - - - - CUU Leu CCU Pro CAU His CGU Arg CUC Leu CCC Pro CAC His CGC Arg CUA Leu CCA Pro CAA Gln CGA Arg CUG Leu CCG Pro CAG Gln CGG Arg - - - - - - - - AUU Ile ACU Thr AAU Asn AGU Ser AUC Ile ACC Thr AAC Asn AGC Ser AUA Ile ACA Thr AAA Lys AGA Arg AUG Met ACG Thr AAG Lys AGG Arg - - - - - - - - GUU Val GCU Ala GAU Asp GGU Gly GUC Val GCC Ala GAC Asp GGC Gly GUA Val GCA Ala GAA Glu GGA Gly GUG Val GCG Ala GAG Glu GGG Gly

Atmospheric Stability and Instability

Atmospheric Stability and Instability Stability (or atmospheric stability) refers to airs tendency to either rise and create storms (instability), or to resist vertical movement (stability). The simplest way to understand how stability works is to imagine a parcel of air having a thin, flexible cover that allows it to expand but prevents the air inside from mixing with the surrounding air- as is true of a party balloon. Next, imagine that we take the balloon and force it up into the atmosphere. Since air pressure decreases with altitude, the balloon will relax and expand, and its temperature will therefore decrease. If the parcel were cooler than the surrounding air, it would be heavier (since cool air is denser than warm air); and if allowed to do so, it would sink back down to the ground. Air of this type is said to be stable. On the other hand, if we lifted our imaginary balloon and the air within it was warmer, and hence, less dense than its surrounding air, it would continue to rise until it reached a point where its temperature and that of its surroundings were equal. This type of air is classified as unstable. Lapse Rates: A Measure of Stability But meteorologists dont have to watch a balloons behavior every time they want to know atmospheric stability. They can arrive at the same answer simply by measuring the actual air temperature at various heights; this measure is called the environmental lapse rate (the term lapse having to do with temperatures decline). If the environmental lapse rate is steep- as is true when the air near the ground is significantly warmer than the air aloft- then one knows the atmosphere is unstable. But if the lapse rate is small, meaning theres relatively little change in temperature, its a good indication of a stable atmosphere. The most stable conditions occur during a temperature inversion when temperature increases (rather than decreases) with height. The easiest way to determine atmospheric stability at a glance is by using an atmospheric sounding. Edited by Tiffany Means.

Critical Communication Event in the Press Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Communication Event in the Press - Essay Example It did not challenge the authorities or acted just like a watchdog. It fulfilled its purpose of bringing the news to the public and letting people know about the issue which spread more awareness about the customer of size policy of the Southwest Airlines. This also points to the freedom of press. The incident was covered by many reporters, and many journalists happened to interview Emery Orto to take his views about the event. Reporters also gave their judgments in their online articles about Orto’s irrational behavior and his communication with the authorities which was not based on sound arguments. They stated in their articles that it was not Orto’s size that kept him from flying; instead, it was his rude behavior that made the authorities angry enough not to let him board the plane. When press enjoys freedom, then everybody has the right to give his views and opinions, just like what happened in this event. Kathryn. (2009). Southwest says Emery Orto’s behavior, not his size, got him booted from flight. The Kathryn Report. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http://kathrynreport.wordpress.com/2009/09/09/southwest-says-emery-ortos-behavior-not-his-size-got-him-booted-from-flight/ Netter, S. (2009). Was southwest passenger too fat to fly? ABC News. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from

Money laundering and corruptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Money laundering and corruptions - Essay Example The most common business thus was Laundromats. A famous gangster known as Al Capone was one owner of such Laundromats where he made his dirty money look legitimate. However, in 1931, he was convicted for tax evasion. Many experts have conceded that the claim of origin of the phrase money laundering is a myth. Rather, they cite that since the money was gotten from illegal sources, it was considered â€Å"dirty†. In a bid to â€Å"cleaning it up† so that it looked legitimate, the phrase laundering of money was coined for this literal meaning. The process of money laundering is mainly meant to obscure the source of money by the use of a number of transfers and transactions. Meyer Lansky who was referred to as the Mob’s Accountant was very troubled that the monies gotten from the illegal activities could get people in jail for tax evasion. As such, he set about looking for the best way to launder money without consequences. It was when he discovered the value of Swis s banks. Here, he used the loan back concept where money would be â€Å"loaned† to people by the compliant foreign banks and then declared to the revenue with the bank even taking a tax deduction. Money laundering is a crime. However, since its conception, the term was first publicly used in the 80s where drug trafficking was the context in which it was mostly applied. The trigger for action against drug trafficking was the realization by the government that huge profits were being made at the expense of the society. The US government anticipated that such money would eventually corrupt and contaminate its structures. Money laundering is now regarded as a global phenomenon affecting all nations. The complications of dealing with this organizational and transactional crime are many since it is very adaptable and flexible assisted by the latest technology and the contracting of professionals. The global nature of the operations is also a challenge for the authorities to deal wi th. The presence of a large pool of resources, the ingenuity of its operators and the quest for profits are the major threats of money laundering as it expands and moves into new frontiers every day. Corruption is treated as an incurable disease because it affects every core of the social and moral fiber. There are many evils that are associated with corruption. Indeed, in most cases, it starts small and then grows into a cancer to all sectors of society, government and the economy. There is however no clear-cut correlation between the effects of corruption and the economy. The most visible consequences of corruption are the inequalities in the society with some earning more than others and an erosion of individual morals and the degradation of the moral fiber of the society in general. These are however not parameters that can be considered as being able to determine the economic consequences of corruption on the national scale. There are nations that do have a very high corruption index but yet are economically sound. There are also those that exhibit low levels of corruption but are poor performers in the economy. This is not an indictment to corruption but it is meant to show that corruption is so disguised in the society that it may affect or it may not affect the general economy (Mauro, 1995). Effects of money laundering and corruption The role that financial institutions play in the process of money laundering is the major contributor to the problems associated with the

Crime and Prostitution Essay Example for Free

Crime and Prostitution Essay Prostitution is known as the oldest profession in the world, however, many states in the U.S. outlaw it. The textbook definition of prostitution is the act or practice of engaging in sexual acts for money (Prostitution, Macmillan 805). Nevada is the first in the United States to legalize prostitution. Although the long term effects of legalized prostitution is uncertain, the short term effects have been economically beneficial. Prostitution should be legalized because not only could it financially benefit the country, but it could also reduce crime. There are many reasons why prostitution is illegal in 49 U.S. states today. First, and foremost, many people feel that prostitution should stay illegal in order to preserve morality. Parents do not want their children to grow up thinking that prostitution is acceptable. Worse yet, parents do not want to hear their children say, When I grow up, I want to be a prostitute. Christianity also looks down upon prostitution because according to their beliefs, the act of sex is only to be done when a man and a women are in love and married. Monogamy is to be practiced in the marriage, and any violation of this is considered a sin. Another reason why the preservation of morality is so important is that peoples morals shape the future of a nation. Many people feel that if prostitution is legalized, then its long term effects would be detrimental to the.

Rate of Reaction - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid :: Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Rate of Reaction - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Aim Investigation, to find out how the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid is affected by changing the concentration. Introduction I must produce a piece of coursework investigating the rate of reaction, and the effect different changes have on them. The rate of reaction is the rate of loss of a reactant or the rate of development of a product during a chemical reaction. It is measured by dividing 1 by the time taken for the reaction to take place. There is five factors which affect the rate of a reaction, according to the collision theory of reacting particles: temperature, concentration (of solution), pressure (in gases), surface area (of solid reactants), and catalysts. I have chosen to investigate the effect of concentration on the rate reaction. This is because it is the most practical to investigate. Dealing with temperatures is a difficult task especially when we have to keep constant high temperatures. Secondly the rate equation and the constant k changes when the temperature of the reaction changes. We have no gases and solids involved therefore it is easy to deal with solutions. Similarly the use of a catalyst complicates things, and if used incorrectly could alter the outcome of the experiment. The theory behind this experiment is that 'Increasing the concentration can increase the rate of the reaction by increasing the rate of molecular collisions.' GRAPH I will place the reaction mixture on a paper with a black cross-drawn on it. When the cross is completely obscured, the reaction will have finished. The time taken for this to happen is the measure of the rate of reaction. We must do this several times, and change the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate. The rate of reaction is a measure of the change, which happens during a reaction in a single unit of time. The things that affect the rate of reaction are as follows:  · Surface area of the reactants  · Concentration of the reactants  · The temperature at which the reaction is carried out  · Use of a catalyst Reaction equation is mentioned above but rate equation could only be decided by doing experiments. So the following procedure can be used to carry out the experiment. Plan Equipment  · 2 Measuring cylinders  · Beaker  · Stopwatch  · Paper with black cross on it  · Sodium Thiosulphate (different concentrations)  · Hydrochloric acid (same concentration each time)  · Water (different concentrations)  · Pipette Prediction I predict that the greater the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate

Mothers Who Work and Attend College

There has been a debate on the previous years on whether sociology must be regarded as a science or not. Experts had presented their stand and study why sociology is a science and why not. Many of them started by defining what science, what comprises a science, and what can be called and claimed scientific. Even in our early school days, science by definition is the logical activity of observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena. Science is a big scope of study and therefore must be divided into categories. So, the branches of science appeared. Early sociologists fought to establish sociology as a science. Their main argument is on the methodology used in sociology that is for them, is a science. According to Comte, like what is observable methodologies in science, are what sociology has. Scientific methodologies such as observation, experiment, comparison and historical research are all present and used in sociology. For him, if sociology uses these four methodologies which are common to scientific methodologies then, a strong claim for sociology as a science must be recognized. But because Comte did not execute an experimental research about this, then his claim was not valid. The argument of Comte approached Durkheim. Durkheim made the claim that sociology is a study of social facts, that is â€Å"a thing that is externalto, and coercive of, the actor† (http://www.human.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~iseda/works/soc-sci.html) Durkheim introduced a thing that he called externalto in his claim to make sociology as a science. He deepened what Comte cannot explain. His argument is that, social facts cannot be explained by the detailed mental examination of your own feelings, thoughts, and motives because social facts are external. Durkheim did an experimental research on suicide to support his claim. Suicide has been a global social problem. Suicide happens for a total of 90 countries around the world. Wasserman (2005) cited that, â€Å"Lithuania has the highest suicide rates per 100, 00 young person aged 15-19 in 90 countries with 23.9 in 2002.† Durkheim included statistical analysis on suicide rate. By that, the goal is a have a support for the claim that suicide is a social phenomenon. The predictions did not agree with statistical data. Durkheim rejected the alternative hypotheses. The attempt of Durkheim to present an empirical result was admired though it faced several problems. The falsification criteria did not work because Durkheim resulted to very strict criteria. Consequently, precise predictions are hard to achieve and/or gain based on sociological theory. Others argued to the work of Durkheim that conflicted on his definition of suicide and his removal of introspection in the methodology. Suicide for him is any cause of death that the executor knows that death is the result. Many questioned that if introspection is not present, how can the executor knows that the result of his/her action which is suicide, is death? Weber also attempted to provide explanation and support in making sociology as a science. Unlike Durkheim, Weber used introspection. According to him, the understanding on other people’s motivation is needed for it necessary for sociology. This understanding can be attained through introspection. But this was never easy to be presented as a science. A strong falsification was given to interpreted facts. Philosophers of science explained that interpreted facts cannot be run to the theory because anyone can give his/her interpretation. There is a way for sociology to be known as science. It is when the provided criteria are not too strict, and when minimal possibility of falsification is presented. Works Cited â€Å"Science† American Heritage Dictionaries. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from (http://www.answers.com/topic/science) â€Å"The Case for Sociology as a Science† Retrieved November 5, 2007, from (http://www.human.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~iseda/works/soc-sci.html) Max Weber. â€Å"Sociological Writings.† (1994) Retrieved November 5, 2007, from (http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/weber.htm) Wasserman, D., Qi Cheng, Guo-Xin Jiang. â€Å"Global suicide rates among young people aged 15-19† World Psychiatry (2005) 4(2): 114–120. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from (http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1414751)      

Buisness Environment

The business environment of candy wrapping is lively and quite encouraging for start-ups to commence and operate business. There are always emerging candy companies with new flavors and tastes covering the entire age market of children, youth, men and women and even elderly. Specially lolly pops, lozenges, eclairs, are all time favorites for all group of ages and wrappers are everywhere. Especially after the launch of Internet technology, candy-wrapping business has emerged as a specialized business with profit making margins.In fact stay at mom candy wrapping business have been inviting individuals to take up candy wrapping business. Candy wrapping is an excellent ebusiness which can be in small volumes as well in large volumes whereas the demand for candy wrapping can never be halted. Candies are 24Ãâ€"7 business which are available at every occasion beginning from birthdays to wedding celebrations. The strengths that are required in candy wrapping business is to possess skills of designing software of graphics to extend colorful view on candy wrappers.Lot of creativity and imaginary work that must work in designing of wrappers which will prove beneficiary for business. There are no particular weaknesses in the business of candy wrapping without the concern of entrepreneur such as poor customer relation management, untimely deliveries, poor quality paper, spoilt / broken candies, poor packing are some of the keen areas where business will be lost. Website is no guarantee proof that business will be developed at a fast pace whereas it must be advertised through proper channels.A wide variety of opportunities are available in candy wrapping business. The business includes multinationals such as nestle, Cadbury Schweppes, and service oriented organizations viz. , wedding planners, birthday parties, florists, toy stores, infant and children shops, can be undertaken. Equipment that is required for designing candy wrappers is, a computer, ebusiness kit, software f or designing wrappers, color printer and paper. It is also a fact competitors can never be taken a back as loss except to the fact that the quality of paper must be excellent with attractive designs.Timely delivery of goods must be undertaken with utmost care and neatly packed to gain brand image of ebusiness. There are many successful companies which are involved in candy wrapping business. (1) candywrapper lady (2) custom candy wrappers (3) CJ’s Candy Wrap-ups (4) Party411. com (5) chocolatecovers. com. Although there is a stiff competition in the market, each company is specialized with a particular design which is the quality work according to the requirement and liking of a client.Each company is specialized in a particular software and design and focuses only those areas of clients. This also extends lot of benefits for companies and clients who are offered with variety, wide choice and with quality work. Conclusion For every ebusiness owner, a complete and thorough kno wledge of candy wrapping, internet research to build client base, market analysis and finance control is required while the basic skill of top quality designs must be focused.There can also be another alternative to work for a candy wrapping company before starting an own business, in order to gain sufficient knowledge, experience and guidance to avoid a novice experiments in ebusiness. References Start your own business get the bizymoms candy wrapper career kit Accessed 20 June 2007 http://www. bizymoms. com/cart/careers/candywrap_kit. html The candy wrapping business Accessed 20 June 2007 http://www. talewins. com/homepreneurs/candywrapping. htm

nazi propaganda essays

nazi propaganda essays How did the Nazis ensure that the changes made during the 1930s had a constant public support? Why did they think this support is necessary? The Nazis ensured the changes made during the 1930s had constant public support is by a number of reasons. Germany, being a totalitarian state, used methods to control the population. These are to deal with political, social, economic, and foreign policy changes in Germany. One of the methods used by the Nazis was an organised propaganda movement and indoctrination, which is to put across a limited range of ideas especially when the intention is to establish other ideas. In 1933, the Ministry for Peoples enlightenment and propaganda was set up in order to co-ordinate the German government and the people. Under Joseph Goebbels , the ministry was effective. Goebbels was able to control the whole of Germanys intellectual life and culture, and he realized the importance of the medium radio. He also prevented the spread of threatening ideas by banning books, informs universities and schools what to teach. Much attention has been given to the organisation, production and output of domestic and foreign propaganda in the press, arts, and films. R.Herzstein calls the propaganda war The war Hitler won. Using methods like propaganda and indoctrination, there were of course people who resist to the new system. To prevent these resistances, the Nazis use organisations to terrorise these people into accepting the Nazi rule. Terror was used to reign in fringe elements with the aid of population at large. Organisations have been set up or ordered to do this. The SS is one of the military groups which were used to terrorise the people under the leadership or Heinrich Himmler. Another group is the Geheime Staatspolizei (The Gestapo). It is a secret group which tortures people to give exact information. To affect the political system, the Gestapo handled politica ...

Popular Products That Originated From Christmas

Popular Products That Originated From Christmas Christmas is filled with traditions and unique decorations not seen throughout the rest of the year. Many Christmas favorites also have nonreligious roots. Here is the origin of many well-known Christmas items. Christmas Tinsel Around 1610, tinsel was first invented in Germany made from genuine silver. Machines were invented that shredded silver into thin, tinsel-sized strips. Silver tinsel tarnishes and loses its shine with time, so artificial replacements were eventually invented. Candy Canes The origin of the candy cane goes back over 350 years when candy-makers both professional and amateur were making hard sugar sticks. The original candy was straight and completely white in color. Artificial Christmas Trees Towards the end of the 1800s, another variation of the traditional Christmas tree appeared: the artificial Christmas tree. Artificial trees originated in Germany. Metal wire trees were covered with goose, turkey, ostrich or swan feathers. The feathers were often died green to imitate pine needles. In the 1930s, the Addis Brush Company created the first artificial-brush trees, using the same machinery that made their toilet brushes! The Addis Silver Pine tree was patented in 1950. The Christmas tree was designed to have a revolving light source under it and colored gels allowed the light to shine in different shades as it revolved under the tree. History of Christmas Tree Lights Learn about the history of Christmas tree lights: from candles to inventor Albert Sadacca, who was 15 in 1917 when he first got the idea to make safe Christmas tree lights. Christmas Cards Englishman John Calcott Horsley popularized the tradition of sending Christmas greeting cards, in the 1830s. Christmas Snowman Yes, the snowman was invented, many times over. Enjoy these whimsical pictures of snowman inventions. They are from actual patents and trademarks. There are also a number of snowmen designs seen on Christmas trees and ornaments. Christmas Sweaters Knitted sweaters have been around a very long time, however, there is one certain type of sweater that delights us all during the holiday season. With lots of red and green colors, and reindeer, Santa, and snowman decorations, the Christmas sweater is both loved and even despised by many. History of Christmas On December 25, Christians traditionally celebrate the birth of Christ. The origins of the holiday are uncertain, however by the year 336, the Christian church in Rome observed the Feast of the Nativity (birth) on December 25. Christmas also coincided with the winter solstice and the Roman Festival of Saturnalia. While Christmas is a centuries-old tradition, it was never an official American national holiday until 1870. The House and Senate passed a bill introduced by Rep. Burton Chauncey Cook of Illinois that proposed making Christmas a national holiday. President Ulysses S. Grant signed the bill on June 28, 1870.

Labor Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Labor Economics - Essay Example However, the situation becomes quite altered when we compare it to the present day since those who could have been said to be living comfortably 50 years ago would today be considered as living below the poverty line. Brewer (2007) quotes John E. Schwarz who says: â€Å"In the early 1950s, fully two fifths of American households had no automobile, about a third did not have a private telephone or a television, and the homes of about a third of all Americans were dilapidated or were without running water or a private toilet and bath. Only a small minority of families enjoyed such basics as a mixer or had a hot-water heater (Brewer, 2007, Pg. 1)†. Thus, in comparison to the life lived in the 1950s, people living as a part of the middle class or even the lower classes today have a higher standard of living. In the 1950s, a person working full time at a middle class standard would have been able to afford to keep a family of four. Surprisingly, the same could be done today by an individual who is working at minimum wage but only if s/he is willing and able to give up ‘luxuries’ such as hot running water, an automobile and private toilets (Brewer, 2007). The situation and the comparison becomes more complicated when we consider the 1970s since it was a time where the country experienced a rising standard of living coupled. Automobiles, televisions and other items which were considered luxuries became more common but the nation experienced a falling standard of living towards the end of the decade. It thus became the beginning of the time where the family which had only one breadwinner could find itself in economic trouble and this prompted the rapid entry of women into the work field in large numbers (Gruber, 2005). However, political and economic forces such as the policies enacted by the government, the high levels of inflation, unemployment and low productivity growth are blamed for a lack of growth in real income in the